Fibromyalgia, also more commonly known as extreme body pain and fatigue1, is a chronic condition that can significantly impact one’s quality of life, making even the simplest tasks seem impossible. Affecting one in 20 people globally, this perplexing condition can be both mysterious and challenging to manage as its root causes remain elusive. This is where physiotherapy emerges as a pivotal ally, playing a crucial role in alleviating the associated pain, improving mobility, and enhancing overall quality of life2.
Before we delve into that aspect, let’s first gain a comprehensive understanding of what exactly Fibromyalgia is.
What is Fibromyalgia?
Fibromyalgia is a disorder characterised by widespread musculoskeletal pain, sleep issues, fatigue, emotional distress, and mental dysfunctions. The pain associated with fibromyalgia can last for a prolonged period and is intense enough to obstruct proper sleep, leading to the development of sleep disorders such as restless legs syndrome. Furthermore, the persistent pain can also evolve into cognitive difficulties, commonly referred to as “fibro fog”. This condition commonly manifests between the ages of 30 and 60, with the majority of patients falling within this age range.
Individuals suffering from fibromyalgia may experience a range of symptoms beyond pain and sleep disturbances. Memory problems, muscle twitches, numbness in the hands and feet, and itching skin are among the additional challenges faced by those living with this condition. In severe cases, fibromyalgia can manifest as migraine or headaches, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and temporomandibular joint syndrome (TMJ), further disrupting one’s quality of life.
While the exact causes of fibromyalgia remain unknown, researchers believe that a combination of genetic makeup and physical and mental factors may contribute to the development of the condition. Understanding the multifaceted nature of fibromyalgia is crucial for tailoring effective treatment approaches, such as those offered by physiotherapists, to address the diverse symptoms and challenges faced by individuals with this condition.
1. Aerobic Exercises
One essential component of physiotherapy for effectively managing fibromyalgia is exercise therapy, with a primary focus on aerobic exercises. Although engaging in activities like walking or swimming might seem counterintuitive when grappling with chronic pain, the benefits are profound. Aerobic exercise improves cardiovascular health, reducing the risk of associated conditions and promoting overall well-being.
Research has also shown that regular aerobic exercise can alleviate the symptoms of chronic pain by increasing blood flow. This facilitates the delivery of essential nutrients and oxygen to muscles, resulting in reduced pain levels and enhanced mood. Moreover, exercise triggers the release of endorphins, the body’s natural painkillers, providing a natural and sustainable way to manage pain associated with fibromyalgia.
2. Stretching and Flexibility Exercises
Fibromyalgia often leads to stiffness in muscles and joints, limiting the range of motion and making everyday tasks a struggle. Physical therapy introduces targeted stretching exercises, such as lower body, side, neck and shoulder stretches, as essential techniques in managing these challenges. These focused stretches work to increase flexibility, reduce muscle tension, and alleviate stiffness, addressing specific areas commonly affected by extreme body pain and fatigue.
3. Dry Needling
Physiotherapy rehabilitation for fibromyalgia includes dry needling as a specialised technique. Unlike traditional acupuncture, dry needling focuses on releasing trigger points within muscles that contribute to pain and dysfunction. This treatment aims to disrupt the cycle of pain and muscle tightness associated with fibromyalgia3.
The needles used are typically inserted into myofascial trigger points, which are hyperirritable spots within the muscle tissue. By targeting these trigger points, dry needling can improve blood flow, reduce muscle tightness, and stimulate the body’s natural healing processes.
Physiotherapy offers not only a path to manage pain but also a route to improved mobility and a better quality of life for those navigating the complexities of widespread musculoskeletal pain and fatigue4. At The Movement Laboratory, our team of dedicated physiotherapists is ready to guide you through personalised treatment plans designed to address the unique challenges posed by fibromyalgia.
Take the first step towards a pain-free, more mobile life by contacting us today to schedule your consultation.
References
- Understanding fibromyalgia and its related disorders. (2008). Primary care companion to the Journal of clinical psychiatry, 10(2), 133–144. https://doi.org/10.4088/pcc.v10n0208
- Antunes, M. D., & Marques, A. P. (2022). The role of physiotherapy in fibromyalgia: Current and future perspectives. Frontiers in Physiology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.968292
- Mascarenhas, R. O., Souza, M. B., Oliveira, M. X., Lacerda, A. C., Mendonça, V. A., Henschke, N., & Oliveira, V. C. (2021). Association of therapies with reduced pain and improved quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Internal Medicine, 181(1), 104-112.
- Fullen, B. M., Wittink, H., Groef, A. D., Hoegh, M., McVeigh, J. G., Martin, D., & Smart, K. (2023). Musculoskeletal Pain: Current and Future Directions of Physical Therapy Practice. Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation, 5(1). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10036231/